Top 10 wonders of the world:
This World is so much large therefor 10 wonders are not enough to describe the spectacular history of this World because this universe came into being millions of years ago so there are huge number of wonders exist in this World which are also the beauty of this vast Universe. Every person of the World knew that there are seven oldest wonders in the World exist now in these seven some exist but some are only in the papers or history but here we have to discuss about the top 10 wonders of the World from the start of the Universe. So despite of these seven wonders plenty of more wonders which made this World so much unique, also exist, so in this technological era we enlist below the top 10 wonders of the World.
10. Roman Baths
The Roman baths complex is a site of historical interest in the English city of bath. The house is a well preserved Roman site for public bathing. The Roman baths themselves are below the modern street level. there are four main features: the sacred spring, the Roman temple, the Roman bath house, and the museum holding holding finds from Roman baths. The buildings above street level date from the 19th century. The baths are a major tourists attraction and together with the grand pump room, receive more than one million visitors a year. It was featured on the 2005 TV program seven natural wonders as one of the wonders of the west country. Visitors can see the baths and museum but can't enter the water. The water which bubbles up from the ground at bath falls as rain on the nearby Mendip Hills. It percolates down through limestone aquifers to a depth of between 2,700 and 4,300 meters where geothermal energy raises the water temperature to between 69 and 96 degree celciuse. Under pressure the heated water raises to the surface along fissures and faults in the limestone. It was destroyed in the sixth century. But over time it was reconstructed and the last addition being done in the eighteen hundreds. Bath was charged with responsibility for the hot springs in a Royal charter of 1591 granted by Elizabeth. This duty has now passed to bath and north east somerset council, who carry out monitoring of pressure, temperature and flow rates.
9. Leaning tower of Pisa
Leaning tower of Pisa or the tower of Pisa is the campanile or freestanding bell tower, of the Cathedral of the Italian city of Pisa known worldwide for its unintended tilt. It is situated behind Pisa's Cathedral and is the third oldest structure in thew city's Cathedral square, after the Cathedral and the Pisa Baptistry. The tower's tilt began during construction caused by an inadequate foundation on ground too soft on one side to properly support the structures weight. The tilt increased in the decades before the structure was completed and gradually increased until the structure was stabilized by efforts in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. The height of the tower is 55.86 meters from the ground on the low side and 56.67 meters on the high side. The width of the walls at the base is 2.44 meter. Its weight is estimated at 14,500 metric tons. The tower has 296 or 294 steps the seventh floor has two fewer steps on the north facing staircase. Prior to restoration work performed between 1990 and 2001, the tower leaned at an angle of 5.5 degrees, but the tower now leaned at about 3.99 degrees. This means the top of the tower is displaced horizontally 3.9 meters from the center. The engineers tried to correct the lean with no success. Without the interruptions the soil would have no compressed under the tower, which would have made it topple over. The architects who built it are a mystery of everyone.
8. Colosseum
The Colosseum or Coliseum also known as the Flavian Amphitheatr or Colosseo is an over Amphitheatr in the centre of the city of Rome, Italy. built of concrete and sand, it is the largest amphitheater ever built. The Colosseum is situated just east of the Roman forum. Cunstruction began under the emperor Vespasian in AD 72, and was completed in ad 80 under his successor and heir Titus. Further modifications were made during the reign of domitian. These three emperors are known as the Flavian Dynasty, and the Amphitheatr was named as Latin for its association with their family name. The Colosseum could hold, it is estimated between 50,000 and 80,000 spectators having an average audience of some 65,000 it is used for gladiatorial contests and public spectacles such as mock sea battles, animal hunts, execution, re enactments of famous battles and dramas based on classical mythology. The building ceased to be used for entertainment in the early medieval era. It was later reused for such purposes as housings, workshops, quarters for a religious order, a fortress, a quarry and a christian shrine. A combination of weather, natural disasters, and a few other things has destroyed almost two thirds of the Colosseum. Restoration efforts are still being made today so it can be built back up and can be viewed by tourist all over the World.
7. Chichen Itza
Chichen Itza often with the emphasis reversed in English to, from Yucatec Maya: at the mouth of the well of the Itza was a large pre-columbian city built by the Maya people of the terminal classic period. The archaeological site is located in Tinum municipality, Yucatan state, Mexico. Chichen Itza was major focal point in the northern Maya lowlands from the late classic through the terminal classic and into the early portion of the postclassic period. The site exhibits a multitude of architectural styles, reminiscent of styles seen in central Mexico and of the puuc and chenes styles of the northern Maya lowlands. The presence of central Mexican styles was once thought to have been representative of direct migration or even conquest form central Mexico, but most contemporary interpretation view the presence of these non- Maya styles more as the result of cultural diffusion. Millions of people go and see in the year. it is one of the seventh most incredible experiences. The ord chi stands for mouth, Chen for well and Itza for the Itza tribe. It is believed that people was thrown the top as sacrifice to make their God happy. If one of them survived they were believed to be seers. Seers means that it is someone who is able to see what the future holds. Chichen Itza is one of the most visits archaeological site in Mexico: an estimated 1.4 million tourists visit the ruins every year.
6. Hagia Sophia
Hagia Sophia was a Greek Orthodox Christian patriarchal basilica, later an imperial mosque, and now a museum in Istanbul Turkey. The Roman empire's first Cathedral christian from the date of its construction in 537 AD, and until 1453, it served as an eastern Orthobox Cathedral and seat of the Patriarch of constantinople, except between 1204 and 1261, when it was converted by the fourth crusaders to a Roman Catholic Cathedral under the Latin Empire. The building was later converted to an Ottoman mosque from 29 May, 1453 until 1931. It was then secularized and opened as a museum on 1 February 1935. Famous in particular from its massive dome it is considered the epitome of what is modernly known as Byzantine architecture. and is said to have '' changed the history of architecture ''. It remained the World's largest Cathedral for nearly a thousands years, until seville Cathedral was completed in 1520. It is said that building is so fast made it have problems with the dome shaped roofs. The structure almost collapsed during construction. Under the dome there are forty windows allowing sunlight to come through. This was famous due to it's beautiful huge dome which told the beautiful history of it's construction, therefor it was largest or biggest Cathedral of the World for thousands of years. So this wonder has Holy respect from all over the World, and the length of this is about 82 meters with width 73 meters.
5. Machu Picchu
Machu Picchu is a 15th century Inca citadel situated on a mountain ridge 2,430 meters above sea level. It is located in the Cusco region Urubamba province MachPicchu district in Peru, above the sacred Valley, which is 80 kilometers north west of Chuzco and through which the Urubamba river flows. Most archaeologists believe that Machu Picchu was built as an estate for the inca emperor Pachachuti. Often mistakenly referred to as the lost city of the Incas, it is the most familiar icon of Inca civilization. The Incas built the Estate around 1450 but abandoned it a century later at the time of the Spanish conquest. Although known locally, it was not known to the Spanish during the colonial period and remained unknown to the outside World until American historian Hiram Bingham. it also stretches over five mile distance, over three thousand stone steps that link many different levels. People brave through crowds and landslides just to see the sunset over its tower stone monuments and marvel at the mysterious man made wonder. Welcoming over hundreds of thousands people over a year. Home to several endangered species. According to history it consist of civilization of Inca but this gain the attention of World in 1911 therefore now visited by the tourists of the World because of its attractive places, so this area is included in the UNESCO World heritage site 1983. So these days it is considered in the existing new seven wonders of the World.
4. Taj Mahal Agra
The Taj Mahal is an ivory white marble mausoleum on the south bank of the Yamuna river in the Indian city if Agra. It was commissioned in 1632 by the Mughal emperor, shah jahan to house the tomb of his favourite wife Mumtaz Mahal. The tomb is the centrepiece of a 17 hectare complex which includes a mosque and a guest house, and is set in formal gardens bounded on three sides by a crenellated wall. Construction of the mausoleum was essentially completed in 1643 but work continued on other phases of the project for another 10 years. The Taj Mahal complex is believed to have been complete in its entirely in 1653 at a cost estimated at the time to be around 32 million rupees, which in 2015 would be approximately 52.8 billion rupees. The construction object employed some 20,000 artisans under the guidance of a board of architects led by the court architect to the emperor, Ustad Ahmad Lahauri. The Taj Mahal was designated as a UNESCO World heritage site in 1983 for being the jewel of Muslim art in India and one of the universally admired master pieces of the World heritage. Described by Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore '' as the tear drop on the cheek of time '', it is regarded by many as the best example of Mughal architecture and a symbol of India's rich history. The Taj Mahal attracts 7-8 millions visitors a year. In 2007, it was declared a winner of the new 7 wonders of the World initiative.
3. Cristo Redentor Statue
Cristo Redentor statue is an art Deco statue of Jesus Christ in Rio De Janeiro Brazil, created by French sculptor Paul Landowski and built by the Brazilian engineer Heitor Da Silva Costa, in collaboration with the French engineer Albert Caquot. Romanian Sculptor Gheorghe Leonida fashioned the face. The statue is 30 meters ( 98 ft ) tall, excluding its 8 meters ( 26 ft ) pedestal, and its arms stretch 28 meters ( 92 ft ) wide. The statue weighs 635 metric tons, and is located at the peak of the 700 meter ( 2,300 ft ) Corcovado mountain in the Tijuca forest national park over looking the city of Rio. A symbol of Christianity across the world, the statue has also become a cultural icon of both Rio De Janeiro and Brazil, and is listed as one of the new seven wonders of the World. It made of reinforced concrete and soapstone and was constructed between 1922 and 1931. The construction of the statue took nine years. covered with six million stone tiles. The weather has taken a huge toll on the statue. The color of it will probably get darker because of the stone that was used to structure it. If you visit it you will see that there is a chapel at the base. And if you look at it you will see that it could be seen as a cross or that it looks like a inviting hug. Maintenance work needs to be conducted periodically due to the strong winds and erosion to which the statue is exposed, as well as lightning strikes. The original pale stone is no longer available in sufficient quantities and replacement stones are increasingly darker in Hue.
2. Petra
Petra originally known to the Nabataeans as Raqmu is a historical and archaeological city in southern Jordan. The city is famous for its rock cut architecture and water conduit system. Another name for Petra is the rose city due to color of the stone out of which it is carved. Petra is one of the new seven7 wonders of the World. Established possibly as early as 312 BC as the Capital city of the Arab Nabataeans, it is a symbol of Jordan, as well as Jordan's most visited tourist attraction. The Nabataeans were nomadic Arabs who took advantage of Petra's proximity to regional trade routes to establish it as a major trading hub. The Nabataeans are also known for their great ability in constructing efficient water collecting methods in the barren deserts and their talent in carving structures into solid rocks. Petra lies on the slop of Jebel Al- madhbah in a basin among the mountains which form the eastern flank of Arabah the large valley running from the dead sea to the Gulf of Aqaba. It has been a UNESCO Worlds heritage site since 1985. The word Petra means Patrae in Latin.Three hundred and sixty three earthquakes destroyed half the city but Petra retained its Urban vitality. The largest freestanding structure in Petra. It is said to be one of the '' places to see before you die ''. It is one of Jordan's most visited attraction. In 2016, archaeologists discovered a large previously unknown monumental structure buried beneath the sands of Petra using satellite imagery.
1. The Great Wall of China
The great wall of China is a series of fortifications made of stone, brick, rammed earth wood and other materials generally built along an east to west line across historical northern borders of China to protect the Chinese states and empires against the raids and invasions of the various nomadic groups of the Eurasian Steppe. Several walls were being built as early as the seventh century BCE these later joined together and made bigger and stronger are now collectively referred to as the great wall. Especially famous is the wall built 220-206 BCE by Qin Shi Huang the first emperor of China. Little of that wall remains. Since then the great wall has been rebuilt, maintained and enhanced the majority of the existing wall is from the Ming Dynasty. Other purposes of the great wall have included border controls, allowing the imposition of duties on goods transported along the silk road, regulation or encouragement of trade and the control of immigration and emigration. It's the World's most famous landmark. Running parallel to each other.Many people have repaired and extended the wall that it just grew and grew until what it is today. Soldiers were assigned to guard to protect merchants and caravans that traveled the wall. A comprehensive archaeological survey, using advanced technologies, has concluded that the Ming walls measure 8,850 km ( 5,500 mi ). This is made up of 6,259 km ( 3,889 mi ) sections of actual wall, 359 km ( 223 mi ) of trenches and 2,232 km ( 1,387 mi ) od natural defensive barriers such as hills and rivers. Another archaeological survey found that the entire wall with all of its branches measure out to be 21,196 km ( 13,171 mi ).
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